See chó on Wiktionary
{
"lang": "Hokkien",
"lang_code": "nan-hbl",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"早"
],
"senses": [
{
"id": "en-chó-nan-hbl-soft-redirect-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "chó"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "parasitic bug",
"translation": "parasitic bug",
"word": "bọ chó"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to dog paddle",
"translation": "to dog paddle",
"word": "bơi chó"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "true seal",
"translation": "true seal",
"word": "chó biển"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "damn; jerk",
"translation": "damn; jerk",
"word": "chó chết"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "common Vietnamese dog",
"translation": "common Vietnamese dog",
"word": "chó cỏ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "like a bitch",
"translation": "like a bitch",
"word": "chó đẻ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "boor; jerk",
"translation": "boor; jerk",
"word": "chó đểu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chó lài"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "dog",
"translation": "dog",
"word": "chó má"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chó ngao"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chó nhảy bàn thờ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chó phốc"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "hunting dog",
"translation": "hunting dog",
"word": "chó săn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "wolf",
"translation": "wolf",
"word": "chó sói"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "terrier",
"translation": "terrier",
"word": "chó sục"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "bichon",
"translation": "bichon",
"word": "chó xù"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cờ hó"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "sun bear",
"translation": "sun bear",
"word": "gấu chó"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "húng chó"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "raccoon dog",
"translation": "raccoon dog",
"word": "lửng chó"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "máu chó"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*ʔa-cɔːʔ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *ʔa-cɔːʔ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "aav-pro",
"3": "*cɔʔ",
"4": "",
"5": "dog"
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"expansion": "Proto-Austroasiatic *cɔʔ (“dog”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "co",
"3": "",
"4": "dog, servant, slave"
},
"expansion": "Semai co (“dog, servant, slave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
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"2": "chô",
"3": "",
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{
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"3": "",
"4": "dog"
},
"expansion": "Pacoh acho (“dog”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Khmu",
"name": "cog"
},
{
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},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
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"3": "",
"4": "Year of the Dog"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ច (cɑɑ, “Year of the Dog”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *ʔa-cɔːʔ, from Proto-Austroasiatic *cɔʔ (“dog”). Cognate with Semai co (“dog, servant, slave”), Halang chô (“dog”), Pacoh acho (“dog”), Khmu sɔʔ and Mang θɔː¹. Compare also Khmer ច (cɑɑ, “Year of the Dog”), a borrowing from Vietic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "㹥",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𤝹",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𤠚",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𦢞",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "犬",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "con",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"classifier"
]
},
{
"form": "thằng",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"classifier"
]
},
{
"form": "con",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"classifier"
]
},
{
"form": "choá",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cờ hó",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
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"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
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},
"expansion": "chó • (㹥, 𤝹, 𤠚, 𦢞, 犬)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "㹥, 𤝹, 𤠚, 𦢞, 犬",
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],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "puppy",
"translation": "puppy",
"word": "cún"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "woof",
"translation": "woof",
"word": "gâu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "woof woof",
"translation": "woof woof",
"word": "gâu gâu"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns classified by con",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Dogs",
"orig": "vi:Dogs",
"parents": [],
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
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],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"english": "Dog was the first domesticated animal.",
"text": "Chó là động vật đầu tiên được thuần hoá.",
"translation": "Dog was the first domesticated animal.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "scum",
"text": "(vulgar) loại chó (má)",
"translation": "scum",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dog"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-chó-vi-noun-zWNX792W",
"links": [
[
"dog",
"dog"
]
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"sense": "dog",
"word": "ki"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"sense": "dog",
"word": "cẩu"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"sense": "dog",
"word": "cầy"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"sense": "dog",
"word": "khuyển"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 3 97",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns classified by con",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns classified by thằng",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You son of a bitch!/You dog!",
"text": "Thằng chó này!",
"translation": "You son of a bitch!/You dog!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "You little bitch!/You dog!",
"text": "Con chó này!",
"translation": "You little bitch!/You dog!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(little) (son of a) bitch"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en-chó-vi-noun-gK7V7U-T",
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"little"
],
[
"son of a",
"son of a bitch"
],
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"bitch"
]
],
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"(vulgar) (little) (son of a) bitch"
],
"tags": [
"vulgar"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
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"tags": [
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]
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ɕɔ˨˩˦]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[cɔ˦˥]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"homophone": "Chó"
},
{
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"note": "Ho Chi Minh City",
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],
"word": "chó"
}
{
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"Pages with entries",
"vi:Dogs"
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"lang": "Hokkien",
"lang_code": "nan-hbl",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
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"senses": [
{
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],
"word": "chó"
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{
"categories": [
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"Vietnamese nouns classified by con",
"Vietnamese nouns classified by thằng",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Austroasiatic",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Austroasiatic",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Vietnamese terms with homophones",
"vi:Dogs"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "parasitic bug",
"translation": "parasitic bug",
"word": "bọ chó"
},
{
"english": "to dog paddle",
"translation": "to dog paddle",
"word": "bơi chó"
},
{
"english": "true seal",
"translation": "true seal",
"word": "chó biển"
},
{
"english": "damn; jerk",
"translation": "damn; jerk",
"word": "chó chết"
},
{
"english": "common Vietnamese dog",
"translation": "common Vietnamese dog",
"word": "chó cỏ"
},
{
"english": "like a bitch",
"translation": "like a bitch",
"word": "chó đẻ"
},
{
"english": "boor; jerk",
"translation": "boor; jerk",
"word": "chó đểu"
},
{
"word": "chó lài"
},
{
"english": "dog",
"translation": "dog",
"word": "chó má"
},
{
"word": "chó ngao"
},
{
"word": "chó nhảy bàn thờ"
},
{
"word": "chó phốc"
},
{
"english": "hunting dog",
"translation": "hunting dog",
"word": "chó săn"
},
{
"english": "wolf",
"translation": "wolf",
"word": "chó sói"
},
{
"english": "terrier",
"translation": "terrier",
"word": "chó sục"
},
{
"english": "bichon",
"translation": "bichon",
"word": "chó xù"
},
{
"word": "cờ hó"
},
{
"english": "sun bear",
"translation": "sun bear",
"word": "gấu chó"
},
{
"word": "húng chó"
},
{
"english": "raccoon dog",
"translation": "raccoon dog",
"word": "lửng chó"
},
{
"word": "máu chó"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
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"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*ʔa-cɔːʔ"
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"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *ʔa-cɔːʔ",
"name": "inh"
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"args": {
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"5": "dog"
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"3": "",
"4": "Year of the Dog"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ច (cɑɑ, “Year of the Dog”)",
"name": "cog"
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],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *ʔa-cɔːʔ, from Proto-Austroasiatic *cɔʔ (“dog”). Cognate with Semai co (“dog, servant, slave”), Halang chô (“dog”), Pacoh acho (“dog”), Khmu sɔʔ and Mang θɔː¹. Compare also Khmer ច (cɑɑ, “Year of the Dog”), a borrowing from Vietic.",
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"form": "犬",
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"tags": [
"CJK"
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"form": "choá",
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"form": "cờ hó",
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"sense": "dog",
"word": "ki"
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"sense": "dog",
"word": "cẩu"
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{
"sense": "dog",
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"sense": "dog",
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"english": "puppy",
"translation": "puppy",
"word": "cún"
},
{
"english": "woof",
"translation": "woof",
"word": "gâu"
},
{
"english": "woof woof",
"translation": "woof woof",
"word": "gâu gâu"
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"english": "Dog was the first domesticated animal.",
"text": "Chó là động vật đầu tiên được thuần hoá.",
"translation": "Dog was the first domesticated animal.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "scum",
"text": "(vulgar) loại chó (má)",
"translation": "scum",
"type": "example"
}
],
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"dog"
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"links": [
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"Vietnamese vulgarities"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You son of a bitch!/You dog!",
"text": "Thằng chó này!",
"translation": "You son of a bitch!/You dog!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "You little bitch!/You dog!",
"text": "Con chó này!",
"translation": "You little bitch!/You dog!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(little) (son of a) bitch"
],
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"little"
],
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],
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]
],
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"(vulgar) (little) (son of a) bitch"
],
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡ɕɔ˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ɕɔ˨˩˦]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[cɔ˦˥]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"homophone": "Chó"
},
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{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-chó.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-ch%C3%B3.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-ch%C3%B3.wav.mp3",
"note": "Ho Chi Minh City",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-ch%C3%B3.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-ch%C3%B3.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "chó"
}
Download raw JSONL data for chó meaning in All languages combined (6.8kB)
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"chó",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "chó",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 175247592<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Wed, 26 Aug 2026 11:36:17 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"chó",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "chó",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 154415433<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Wed, 26 Aug 2026 11:37:12 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"chó",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "chó",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 148689471<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Wed, 26 Aug 2026 11:38:07 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"chó",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "chó",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 171647224<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Wed, 26 Aug 2026 11:39:03 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"chó",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "chó",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 162279355<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Wed, 26 Aug 2026 11:39:58 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"chó",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "chó",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 143740274<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Wed, 26 Aug 2026 11:40:53 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"chó",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "chó",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 175445941<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Wed, 26 Aug 2026 11:41:48 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"chó",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "chó",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 113728399<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Wed, 26 Aug 2026 11:42:43 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.